Showing posts with label Election. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Election. Show all posts

29/10/2014

Government co-option of popular protests

Sound of a crowd screaming incomprehensible words. Dozens of people on the street, carrying flags and banners. In forefront, small groups are holding banners where is possible to read in order:

1)   I cannot drive a car, but I can choose who drives my country
2)   You’ll see that your son don’t flee from ballot box*
3)   We’ll do the best election of Brazil
4)   With 16 years old you can already vote**
5)   Your vote worth an whole Brazil
6)   #come to ballot box ***
7)   Electoral Justice: tse.jus.br

* Brazilian Anthem says: You’ll see that your son don’t flee from fight
** In Brazil, the vote is mandatory above 18, but voluntary above 16
*** During the 2013 protests, the trend topic in social media was “# come to street"





The advertising campaign, promoted by the Supreme Electoral Court of Brazil (TSE), seems to remind citizens that time for changing has finally come. With clear references to the 2013 protests, TSE’s campaign highlights the elections as the peak of democracy and encourages the young to vote. At first, this approach seems reasonable, since the campaign co-relates street’s voice with election’s voice. It takes a while to understand what this co-option of popular protests by a Governmental institution may represents.

TSE borrows the language of the demonstrators and, by doing this, co-relates the 2014 elections with the Confederations Cup protests. On the one hand, the campaign presents elections as a time to the citizen pursuit answers to the general dissatisfaction showed during the last year and emphasizes the importance of choosing the representatives for the future of the country. On the other hand, the campaign invites people to replace the streets action (protest) for the ballot box action (vote). This second feature is the reason why the co-option of popular protest by TSE is problematic.

Replace the “street” for the “ballot box” does not make sense, since democracy involves the capability of citizens to choose their representatives and to pressure politicians as well. During the elections, the focus on the role of citizen as a voter is understandable, nevertheless the cross reference used in this campaign contributes, in certain way, to undermine the importance of social mobilization in the democratic process. Paul Hilder (2007) alerts that by borrowing the clothes and tactics of social movements Governments may cause a confusion “in the public mind about what civil society campaigning actually is and how it can change collective decisions”.

Therefore, the slogan “# come to ballot box”, that has been used in all TSE’s communicative actions during this elections, contains an ideological bias and, in a certain way, neutralizes 2013 protest. Although trying to empower the citizen through the vote, the campaign trivializes the last year protests and undermines the role of civil society in democracy.





Come to street


You'll see that your son don't flee from fight





Hilder, P. et al (2007) Contentious citizens - civil society’s role in campaigning for social change. The Young Foundation, pp. 58-61



13/10/2014

Learning from Friends of Earth campaigns

Last Friday, the students of “Critical Issues in Campaigning” visited Friends of Earth to speak with Paul Steedman. Some of the issues highlighted by him during the meeting are helpful in the analysis of the “You Poll-Watcher”, a campaign that has been monitored by this blog.

One of the first issues pointed out by Paul Steedman was the fact that people are getting more and more sceptical about the possibility of influencing politicians. Therefore, according to him, it is important to offer opportunities to people do something. In this sense, empowerment is a really good campaigning tactic.

As seen in the last post, the “You Poll-Watcher” invites voters, at the end time of the Election Day, to take pictures of the electronic ballot boxes’ extracts and send them to the You Poll-Watcher’s team. The purpose is to verify the official result of the election.

Infographic adapted from www.facebook.com/vocefiscal


This means that the voters are encouraged to participate actively. If the campaign’s approach was, for example, stimulate people to protest, probably the mobilization would not be as big as it has been:

           20,056 likes on Facebook
           104,875 views on Youtube
•           12,500 app downloads
           15,000 ballot boxes' extracts collected


Nevertheless, a great number of extracts of ballot boxes does not mean necessarily a good sample and, for this reason, the final verification may be not possible. Anyway, as Paul Steedman highlighted during the meeting, the main issue about campaigning is change the rules. In this sense, it seems fair to say that the real purpose of this campaign is to make people think about the accountability of Brazilian Elections and, at the same time, offer an alternative for the current electronic vote procedure.

Since 1996, Brazilian Elections are exclusively electronic and there is no physical register of the votes. The campaign suggests a hybrid system, in which the voter, after registry his electronic vote, print an extract and deposit it inside a traditional ballot box. Therefore, in case of controversy, it would be possible to recount the votes.


In order to contribute for such big change, the campaign needs to keep its momentum. As Paul Steedman said, campaigning require creativity and a strong understand about political power. Does the “You Poll-Watcher” have these characteristics?

06/10/2014

:: You poll-watcher: a campaign to increase elections accountability in Brazil


Last Sunday was the Election Day in Brazil, a day that can be considered the peak of the democracy. Despite the fact that Brazil has been a democratic country for the last three decades, democracy is not something ready or finished (Chadwick, 2013) and need constant surveillance. That is why campaigns as “You poll-watcher” are so important. 

Since 1996, Brazilian’s elections are based in electronic ballot boxes, computers used exclusively for the elections (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, 2014). The organizers of the campaign, as you can see in the video below, argument that the system is not secure and invite the voters to increase the accountability of the elections by photographing the extracts of the electronic ballot boxes (VocĂȘ Fiscal, 2014).




Subtitles included by this blog. 
To see the original video click here



Although the Supreme Electoral Court (TSE) admits that was possible to change the sequence of votes in the tests realized in 2012, in defense of the systems' security TSE affirms that was not possible to link voters' names and votes. The Court also assures that is not possible to manipulate the results of the election, since the electoral system works in such way that, if the system is under attack, the electronic ballot box does not produce valid results (VocĂȘ Fiscal, 2014).


Brazilian electronic ballot box
(Photograph:www.abadianoticia.com.br)


The campaign is audacious and the results are uncertain. Nevertheless, since one of the roles of social movements is to bring new themes to the public agenda (Diani and Porta, 2006), the main contribution of this campaign seems to be the discussion about a lack of accountability in the Brazilian elections. In order to analyze this issue, among others, this blog will keep an eye on this campaign.


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Diani, M. and della Porta, D. (2006) Social Movements: An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell.

Chadwick, A. (2013) The Hybrid Media System: Politics and Power. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press  

Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (2014). Electronic ballot. [online] 
[Available at <http://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/biometria-e-urna-eletronica/urna-eletronica>] [Accessed at 6 October 2014].

Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (2014). Security. [online]
[Available at <http://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/biometria-e-urna-eletronica/seguranca>] [Accessed at 6 October 2014].

VocĂȘ Fiscal (2014). Carta aberta ao eleitor. [online]
[Available at <www.vocefiscal.org/carta-aberta>] [Accessed at 6 October 2014].